救命的血栓

时间:2016-12-9 15:15:50来源:本站原创点击:

病例来源

Circulation

Volume(16),20October,pe–e

A37-year-oldpreviouslyhealthyman,amanualsugarcanejuicerwholivesinaruralarea,presentedwitha1-monthhistoryofatypicalchestpaininhisleftshoulderareaanda2-weekhistoryofbreathlessnessonmoderateexertion.一个既往体健以榨甘蔗汁为生的农民,因为一个月的左肩部非典型胸痛和两周的中度体力劳动后呼吸困难就诊。

Onadmission,thepatientwastachycardicandtachypneicandhadabloodpressureof90/60mmHgwithpulsusparadoxus.Physicalexaminationshowedelevatedjugularvenouspressureanddistantheartsounds.ECGrevealedST-segmentelevationintheanteriorprecordialleads(Figure1A),buthistroponinlevelwasnormal.入院时,患者心动过速、呼吸急促、血压90/60mmHg伴有奇脉。体格检查还发现颈静脉怒张(静脉压高)和心音遥远。(至此,三金哥忍不住想带大家复习一下心包填塞的贝克三联征:静脉压升高、动脉压下降、心音遥远)心电图提示胸前导联ST段抬高(图1A),肌钙蛋白正常。

Chestx-raydemonstratedanincreasedcardiothoracicratiowithaflask-shapeappearance(Figure1B).胸片提示心胸比增大(烧瓶心)(图1B)。

Echocardiographydemonstratedmassivepericardialeffusionwithsignsoftamponade,leftventricularmass,anddyskineticapex(Figure1C).超声心动图示大量心包积液填塞,左心室有一团块,心尖运动障碍(图1C)

Onthebasisofpreviousinvestigations,urgentpericardiocentesiswasperformed;mlofhemorrhagicfluidwasaspiratedandsentforlaboratoryinvestigations.紧急行心包穿刺术,抽出毫升血性液体并送检。

Onedaylater,reaccumulationofpericardialfluidoccurred.Cardiacmagneticresonanceimagingwasrequestedforfurtherinvestigations.Surprisingly,asmallareaofperforationinthedyskineticapexwasdemonstrated(Figure2A).一天后,患者再次出现心包积液。为了弄清原因,进一步做了心脏MRI检查。令人惊讶的是,在运动障碍的心尖部,发现了一个小的穿孔(图2A)。

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